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Citation of
Electronic Resources
(APA Style)
In-text Citations of Electronic
Material | References for Electronic Resources |
Examples of Reference Citations for BU 113
Electronic sources include
aggregated databases, online journals, Web
sites or Web pages, newsgroups, Web- or e-mail-based discussion groups,
and Web- or e-mail-based newsletters. Citation examples for all
of these can be found at
http://bedfordstmartins.com/online/cite6.html.
In-text Citations of
Electronic Material
Note: For the purpose of illustrating
citation of electronic resources in Foundations of Business Administration
class, the following information and examples have been taken from the American Psychological Association. APA Style: Citations
In-Text of Electronic Material. APA Online.
Retrieved September 4, 2005 from
http://www.apastyle.org/electext.html.
The following is excerpted from the 5th edition of the Publication
Manual (© 2001) . Some elements of the fifth edition's style guidelines
for electronic resources differ from previously published guidelines.
To cite a specific part of a source, indicate the page, chapter,
figure, table, or equation at the appropriate point in text. Always give
page numbers for quotations (see section 3.34). Note that the words
page and chapter are abbreviated in such text citations:
| (Cheek & Buss, 1981,
p. 332) |
| (Shimamura, 1989,
chap. 3) |
For electronic sources that do not provide page numbers, use the
paragraph number, if available, preceded by the paragraph symbol or the
abbreviation para. If neither paragraph nor page numbers are visible, cite
the heading and the number of the paragraph following it to direct the
reader to the location of the material (see section 3.39).
| (Myers, 2000, ¶ 5) |
| (Beutler, 2000, Conclusion section, para. 1) |
References for Electronic
Resources
Note:
For the purpose of illustrating citation of electronic resources in class,
the following information and examples have been taken from the American Psychological Association.
APA Style: Electronic References. APA Online. Retrieved
September 4, 2005 from http://www.apastyle.org/elecgeneral.html.
General Form for Electronic
References
From the 5th Edition of the Publication
Manual (© 2001)
Note: Some elements of the 5th edition's style guidelines for electronic
resources differ from previously published guidelines.
Online periodical:
| Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (2000). Title of
article. Title of Periodical, xx, xxxxxx. Retrieved month day,
year, from source. |
Online document:
| Author, A. A. (2000). Title of work. Retrieved month day,
year, from source. |
See Reference Examples for Electronic Source
Materials <http://www.apastyle.org/elecsource.html>
Note: This material is extracted from the 5th edition of the
American Psychological Association (APA)'s
Publication
Manual (© 2001).
Nonperiodical documents on
the Internet
77 [APA index numbers]. Stand-alone document,
no author identified, no date
- If the author of a document is not identified, begin the reference
with the title of the document.
71. Internet articles based on a print source
At present, the majority of the articles retrieved from online
publications in psychology and the behavioral sciences are exact
duplicates of those in their print versions and are unlikely to have
additional analyses and data attached. This is likely to change in the
future. In the meantime, the same basic primary journal reference (see
Examples 15) can be used, but if you have viewed the article only in its
electronic form, you should add in brackets after the article title
"Electronic version" as in the following fictitious example:
| VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J.
(2001). Role of reference elements in the selection of resources by
psychology undergraduates [Electronic version]. Journal of Bibliographic
Research, 5, 117-123. |
If you are referencing an online article that you have
reason to believe has been changed (e.g., the format differs from the
print version or page numbers are not indicated) or that includes
additional data or commentaries, you will need to add the date you
retrieved the document and the URL.
| VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J.
(2001). Role of reference elements in the selection of resources by psychology
undergraduates. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5,
117-123. Retrieved October 13, 2001, from
http://jbr.org/articles.html
|
72. Article in an Internet-only journal
74. Article in an Internet-only newsletter
| Glueckauf, R. L., Whitton, J., Baxter,
J., Kain, J., Vogelgesang, S., Hudson, M., et al. (1998, July). Videocounseling
for families of rural teens with epilepsy -- Project update.
Telehealth News,2(2). Retrieved from
http://www.telehealth.net/subscribe/newslettr4a.html
|
- Use the complete publication date given on the article.
- Note that there are no page numbers.
- In an Internet periodical, volume and issue numbers often are not
relevant. If they are not used, the name of the periodical is all that
can be provided in the reference.
- Whenever possible, the URL should link directly to the article.
- Break a URL that goes to another line after a slash or before a
period. Do not insert (or allow your word-processing program to
insert) a hyphen at the break.
78. Document available on university program or
department Web site
| Chou, L., McClintock, R., Moretti, F.,
Nix, D. H. (1993). Technology and education: New wine in new bottles: Choosing
pasts and imagining educational futures. Retrieved August 24,
2000, from Columbia University, Institute for Learning Technologies
Web site:
http://www.ilt.columbia.edu/publications/papers/newwine1.html
|
- If a document is contained within a large and complex Web site
(such as that for a university or a government agency), identify the
host organization and the relevant program or department before giving
the URL for the document itself. Precede the URL with a colon.
Other Electronic Sources
88. Electronic copy of a journal article, three to
five authors, retrieved from database
| Borman, W. C., Hanson, M. A., Oppler,
S. H., Pulakos, E. D., & White, L. A. (1993). Role of early supervisory experience
in supervisor performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78,
443-449. Retrieved October 23, 2000, from PsycARTICLES database.
|
- When referencing material obtained by searching an aggregated
database, follow the format appropriate to the work retrieved and add
a retrieval statement that gives the date of retrieval and the proper
name of the database.
A Journal
Article retrieved from a database
(based on the
Citation Style Guides for Internet and Electronic Sources, University of
Alberta Libraries,
2002; retrieved September 4, 2005 from
http://www.library.ualberta.ca/guides/citation/index.cfm#APA)
Note: The 5th edition of APA (2001, p.238)
recommends that to cite sources from aggregated online databases, cite
the work, add a retrieval statement with date and proper name of the database.
For other web sources, include
a URL that points to the entry page of the database.
|
Schrader, A. (1999). Internet censorship: Issues for
teacher-librarian. Teacher Librarian, 26 (5). Retrieved
November 1, 2001, from Academic Search Premier database. |
or if you have three to five authors:
|
Henri, J., Hay, L., & Oberg, D. (2002). An international study on
principal influence and information services in schools: Synergy in
theme and methods. School Libraries Worldwide, 8(1), 49.
Retrieved September 28, 2004, from ProQuest Education Journals
database. |
(Note: APA (p.227) indicates that in electronic sources, page numbers
are often not relevant.)
Using Value Line
Value Line Investment
Survey
Online
|
Name of Company. (2005,
date). Valueline Investment Survey: Ratings and
Reports,
Issue number.
Retrieved September X, 2005 from
http://www.valueline.com. |
Value Line Investment Survey
– Paper form
|
Name of Company. (2005,
date). Valueline Investment Survey: Ratings and
Reports,
Issue number,
page number. |
Using Yahoo!
Finance
<http://finance.yahoo.com/>
for company research
Sources compiled by
Christine Bauer-Ramazani
This page was last updated:
October 14, 2005
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