Source:
U. S. Bureau of the Census, "Money Income in the United States: 1997" Current
Population Reports, P6-200, Table 5.| Saint Michael's Department of Sociology and Anthropology |
GUIDELINES FOR PAPERS
IN SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY
Drs. Bolduc, Kusserow
Writing a paper should be a creative and satisfying effort like any satisfying work that is well done—learning to play a new piece of music, building a new deck on your house or reading a great book. We are all proud to hold a good paper in our hands; it’s attractive, and is pleasant to the ear when it is read. But most of all, it is an expression of our best thinking, a synthesis of important ideas from the literature, or a unique perspective on a social or cultural phenomena. If it an unpleasant and dreaded task, it’s probably because you haven’t planned your time well enough and are writing in panic resulting in a rushed, sloppy job. Thus the first step is planning your time well.
Try to plan your time so that your professor has time to look over a rough draft for evaluation and suggestions before you turn in the final draft. Many students also like to bring their drafts to the WRITING CENTER in the Library (extension 2441) for help in planning, organization and technical presentation. As they advertise: "trained coaches can help you with all aspects of all kinds of writing, from brainstorming through revising and final editing." It’s free, and very helpful! We recommend that you take advantage of it.
Please type and double space all papers. A cover page is not necessary, but we appreciate page numbering and proper use of footnotes and references.
Outlines Outlines are also highly desirable, especially if integrated into the text as section headings. The inclusion of an outline as the beginning of the paper is a good alternative that is helpful to the paper writer and to the reader alike.
Charts Charts and tables are sometimes a valuable enhancement of a paper, and are fairly easy to do in Microsoft Word. See the bottom of this document for some tips.
It’s always a nice touch to add footnotes or endnotes especially for comments or explanations not essential in the text.
Quotations are a major feature of any research enterprise. The typical rule of thumb is that if a quote is longer than three lines, it should be typed indented five spaces, single spaced, and without quotation marks. Of course it must be properly referenced in this manner: (Smith, 1999:23). Note the position of the final period.
Proper reference form Proper reference form can be tricky and are explained in the next several pages. Here are some of the conventions.
All material less than three lines in length taken directly from a book, article, or other source should be placed in quotation marks. Central ideas also need to be referenced, even though you do not quote directly from a source. In this case, you simply include after the sentence or phrase without quotation marks the citation e.g. (Weber, 1958:101).
When only a portion of a sentence is quoted, then the proper citation is: "Calvinism opposed organic social organization in the fiscal-monopolistic form which it assumed in Anglicanism under the Stuarts…" (Weber, 1958:179). The three dots at the end signify that you did not quote the entirety of the sentence—only the first part. After the quote, you close quotation marks and then give the citation. In this case, it is open parenthesis, Weber (who is the author), followed by a comma and then the date of publication, completed with a colon, no space, and the page number, and finally closed parenthesis with a period. The reader can then go to the List of References at the back of the paper and find something such as the following. Note that all references should be double spaced, and listed alphabetically by author.
Weber, Max. 1958. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Trans. by Talcott
Parsons. New York: Scribner’s.
When citing an article, the proper format is:
Garrett, William R. 1994. "Religio-cultural Foundations of Western and Eastern Family
Systems in a Global Age." International Journal on World Peace. XI:4:11-36.
When citing a book chapter, the proper format is:
Garrett, William R. 1991. "The Reformation, Individualism, and the Quest for Global Order."Pp. 47-63 in
Roland Robertson and William R. Garrett, eds., Religion and Global Order. New York: Paragon House.
Government documents are cited as follows:
U.S. Bureau of the Census, "Money Income in the United States: 1997" Current Population Reports,
Series P60-200.
Electronic information, web sites etc. Electronic information, web sites etc. follows some pretty complicated rules and standards are still in the process of being resolved. However, the following format is suggested for the present time.
1. Citations from Full-Text Databases: Books, Monographs, and Individual Works
A. CD-ROM and Commercial Online Databases
Author/editor. (Year). Title (edition), [Type of Medium]. Producer (optional).
Available: Supplier/Database identifies or number [Access date].
Example:
Sternberg, M. L. A. (1994). The American Sign Language Dictionary on CD-ROM
(Windows version, [CD-ROM]. Available: HarperCollins [1995, May 27].
Title (edition), [Type of medium]. (Year). Producer (optional). Available: Supplier/
Database identifier or number [Access date].
Example:
Academic American Encyclopedia Academic American Encyclopedia [Online]. (1995). Grolier (producer). Available:
Dow Jones News Retrieval Service/ENCYC [1995, May 27].
B. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Author/editor. (Year). Title (edition), [Type of Medium]. Available FTP: address
path/file [Access date].
Example:
Byrds. (No date). The Byrd’s Greatest Hits [Lyrics], [Online]. Available FTP:
vacs.uwp.edu/pub/music/lyrics/b/byrds/greatest.hits [1995, June 3].
Title Title (edition, [Type of Medium]. (Year). Available FTP: address/path/file [Access
date].
Example:
Oxford Text Archive Snapshot Oxford Text Archive Snapshot [Online]. (1990). Available FTP: hnsource.Cc.ukans.
edu.pub/history/Europe/Modern/Britain/oxtext.bib [1995, June 1].
C. HTTP
Author/editor. (Year). Title (edition), [Type of medium]. Available: URL [Access date].
Example:
Lehman, M. A. and R. H. Brown. (1994). Intellectual Property and the National
Intellectual Property and the NationalInformation Infrastructure Information Infrastructure [Online}. Available: http://www.uspto.gov/nii/
ipwg.html [1995, May 15].
Title Title (edition), [Type of Medium]. Available: URL [Access date].
Example:
Educating America for the 21st Century: Developing a Strategic Plan for Educational
Leadership for Columbia University—1993-2000 ( Leadership for Columbia University—1993-2000 (Initial Workshop Draft),
[Online]. Available: http://www.ilt.columbia.edu/CONF/EdPlan.html [1995,
May 16].
2. Full-Text Databases: Periodicals
A. CD-ROM and Commercial Online Databases
Author. (Year). Title. Journal [Type of Medium], volume(issue), paging if given, or other
indicator of length. Available: Supplier/Database name/Identifier or number if
if available/item or accession number [Access date].
Example:
Bosselman, F. (1994). Four Land Ethics: Order, Reform, Responsibility, Opportunity.
Environmental Law [Online], 24, 1439(39,389 words). Available: Mead Lexis/
LAWREV/ENVLAW [1995, June 12].
Title. (Year). Journal [Type of Medium]. Volume(issue), paging if given, or other
indicator of length. Available: Supplier/Database name/Identifier or number if
available/item or accession number [Access date].
B. FTP
Author. (Year). Title. Journal [Type of Medium], volume(issue), paging if given, or
other indication of length. Available FTP: address/path/file [Access date].
Example:
Attfield, R. (1995, Spring). Preferences, health, interests, and value. The Electronic
The ElectronicJournal of Analytical Philosophy Journal of Analytical Philosophy [Online], 1-20. Available FTP:taski.phil.
indiana.edu/ejap/1995.spring/attfield.1995.spring.txt [1995, June 15].
Title. (Year). Journal [Type of Medium]. Volume(issue), paging if given, or other
indication of length. Available FTP: address/path/file [Access date].
C. HTTP
Author. (Year). Journal [Type of Medium], volume(issue), paging if given, or other
indicator of length. Available: URL [Access date].
Example:
Inada, K. (1995). A Buddhist Response to the Nature of Human Rights. Journal of
Journal ofBuddhist Ethics Buddhist Ethics [Online], 2, 9 paragraphs. Available: http://www.cac.psu.edu/
jbe/twocont.html [1991, june 21].
Title. (Year). Journal [Type of Medium], volume(issue), paging if given, or other
indicator of length. Available: URL [Access date].
An important final note on the nasty subject of plagiarism:
Strict rules of plagiarism apply to all work done at Saint Michael’s College and the Student Handbook has explicit and rigid rules for governing violations. Our Department takes infractions very seriously. The punishment for violations is up to the judgment of the Professor, and each of the three of us is committed to the highest standards of academic honesty. Failure for the paper is common, but so is failure for the entire course and further disciplinary action before a College Judicial Board may be initiated. If you have any doubt about whether or not to reference an idea, fact, or quotation, you probably should.
Charts Charts are done by following these steps:
Click on the word INSERT above the top task
bar.
Select OBJECT.
Select MICROSOFT GRAPH 97 CHART.
Median Family Income, U.S.
by Educational Attainment, 1997
Source:
U. S. Bureau of the Census, "Money Income in the United States: 1997" Current
Population Reports, P6-200, Table 5.
Tables are even easier.
Click on the word TABLE above the top task bar.
Select INSERT TABLE.
Choose the number of columns (they go up and down) and rows.
The easiest way to present a table is to follow 4 simple rules.
1. Put the independent variable on the top of the table,
and the dependent on the side.
2. Calculate your percentages so that the 100% is at the bottom of each column.
3. The compare across from side to side.
4. Apply a title containing both variables.
| Involvement in volunteer activities | Males |
Females |
| High level | 25% |
45% |
| Middle level | 25% |
30% |
| Low level | 50% |
25% |
| Totals | 100% (n=145) |
100% (n=123) |